what are the causes of religious conflict in nigeria

Because of strong religious and ethnic hostility, some nationalist believe that amalgamation was a mistake and that Nigeria is a mere geographical expression. Is it because they are a farmer or a herder? Causes of ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria - AfricaOTR Informal social resources for cooperation including informal associations and networks, are vital to ensuring inter-religious harmony [8]. Causes and Consequences of Ethno-Religious Conflict in Post 1999,Nigeria If he manages to escape alive, his petrol station, his shop and his home will be burnt down or his life and all of them will go. Wars occur when at least one actor in a political relationship seeks to change the status quo. Communities have been massacred or displaced. It is not clear what the police officers motives were; Boko Haram is active in Gombe but it seems that they were not involved. The persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in Nigeria has given meaningful Nigerians a cause for deep concern in recent times. There are those where religion emerges as a marker but with underlying socio-economic, political, and ethnic causes. Similarly, during the classical period of balance of power from 1648 to 1789, the only polity to wholly disappear was the Kingdom of Poland. They are taught doctrines that are based on violence and murder all in the name of religion. This is usually caused by people of high influence and follower-ship, who use the opportunity they have as a result of their influence to incite violence, causing conflict in the society. Civilians have assimilated military behavior and use it in simple disputes between neighbors and this sometimes lead to ethnic conflict. The terrorist organisation is ranked the 4th deadliest terror group [3] in the world and aims to establish an Islamic state in northern Nigeria. Civil society and opinion leaders have repeatedly called on various governments to convene a sovereign national conference to discuss thorny issues in the federal system of government, and make a new constitution, but this has not happened. The situation is exasperated by the governments failure to manage land. KILLING HUNDREDS of people in the name of cow protection would, at first glance, appear to be a headline drawn from a Monty Python skit. . This involves a top-down and bottom-up peace-building approach. Victims are both Muslims and Christians. There are an estimated 2.5 million displaced people in the Lake Chad Basin and over 300,000 Nigerian refugees as a result of this conflict [4]. As a result, there needs to be both a top-down and bottom-up approach to resolving the religious conflict. This is a detailed report. Because we respect your right to privacy, you can choose not to allow some types of cookies. The author may or may not have a financial interest in any company or advertiser referenced. Hobbies includes: Reading, Writing and Research. No matter the level of your intelligence, once you graduate from a polytechnic it becomes very difficult to compete for a better job with a university graduate. There you have it on Solutions and Causes of Religious Crisis In Nigeria , share your thoughts and suggestions with us through the comment box and like us on Facebook @ facebook.com/9jaquest or follow us on twitter @ twitter.com/NaijaQuest. Christian farmers in turn view the Fulani, who often carry weapons, as encroaching on their land. It's is the situation were one religion fights another and sees them as inferior. Here we briefly examine the root causes of the religious crisis in Nigeria and how they can be mitigated. He argued that if a Conflict that seeks to maximize domination for minimal cost requires, by definition, a basic acceptance of the rules of the game by those engaged in the conflict. Is this really religious violenceand, if so, in what sense is it religious? This is another major cause of conflict in the country. You might want to ask, when will this stop or how can we stop these menace? History has shown that ethnic wars had broken out among people of the same states such as Brass and Nembe communities of Bayelsa and Aguleri and Umuleri of Anambra State. We'd like to collect website analytics information using Google Analytics to help us improve the website. Community conflicts in Nigeria: Management, resolution and transformation. 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Or because they are ethnically Fulani, many of whom are herders, or of a smallethnic group, who are oftenfarmers? What are the realsolutions to the inter ethnic crises and violence in Nigeria? Since the awakening of religion, wars have been fought in the name of different gods and goddesses. Since the 2014 election of Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), hardly a week has gone by without some incident involving emboldened cow-protection vigilantes. The house of Assembly should amend the constitution to deal with the following issues. Consequently, to understand war is by definition to understand the social relationships in play. The multicultural nature of the Nigerian society with its sharp ethnic and religious differences has generated various versions of ethnic identity and question which has threaten the existence of Nigerian communities by turning to ethnic conflict, and have created dangerous suspicion, distrust and conflicting antagonistic relationship among the . The question that faces the modern world is not about religious violence per se, but instead about religious conflict that leads to violence. 14 Best Free Online Masters Degree Programs, How China can dream of winning the World Cup, Everything you need to know about the FIFA Club World Cup 2023, Im partly Nigerian American singer, Swae Lee reveals, 10 Best Online RN to BSN Programs: Advancing Nursing Careers Flexibly and Affordably, Official in and out: All Bundesliga transfer 2023, 10 Best Free Master of Divinity Degree Online, FINALLY, MAN CITY RETURN TO TRAINING AHEAD OF PRE-SEASON TOUR OF ASIA, Trent Alexander-Arnold: What I really think of Liverpools New Signing, The Ife And Modakeke Conflict And How It Was Resolved, How to Produce and Sell Insecticides in Nigeria, Notable Violence in Yakurr and Abi Communities of Cross River State, Problems and Prospects of Community Development In Nigeria, War against Corruption in Nigeria Success so far, Challenges and Prospects, The Nexus between Climate Change and Herdsmen Crisis in Nigeria, 10 Problems of Insecurity in Nigeria and Possible Solutions. Jack McCaslin is a research associate for Africa policy studies at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, DC. This dual ideology have given people from the other part of the country a leeway to vigorously channel the course for the archaic Sharia law because it is boldly written in the constitution and there is nothing anybody can do. This website InfoGuideNigeria.com is maintained by the advertising revenue and we noticed you have ad-blocking enabled. Religious conflicts on the rise in Africa - DW - 09/23/2017 All these challenges require further efforts to study the effects of religious discrimination and the causes of religious armed conflicts. Poverty: The high rate of poverty is a common cause of the religious crisis. How to Stop Boko Haram Activities in Nigeria, How to Start Drinks Supply, Distribution and Marketing Business in Nigeria, How to Start a Supermarket in Nigeria; Everything you Need to Know, NYSC Allowance Payment Amount under the New Administration, How to Register Church in Nigeria: A Step by Step Guide, www.remita.net How to Pay Federal Government Bills Using Remita Online Payment, Dollar to Naira Black Market Today Friday 07/07/2023 [aboki fx rate], 10 Best Redmi Phones and Prices in Nigeria, 200+ Heart Touching Morning Love Messages for your lover. There was the 2001 Jos riots involving Christians and Moslems in Jos, Nigeria, over the appointment of a Muslim politician, Alhaji Muktar Mohammed, as local coordinator of the federal poverty alleviation program. His nephew Abba Kyari is the current Chief of Staff to his government. However, since independence, the country has suffered from many ethno-religious conflicts. Marginalizing the eastern part of the country in the Nigerian project, which was part of the cause of the civil war in 1967-1970, has yet to receive full reparation and attention of successive governments. It is worth noting that in some statements made by community leaders and the security services, no reference is made to religion. Many will attest to it that the Jos crisis vividly exemplifies or by locus classicus describes a rancorous experience against religious intolerance. Here we publish several helpful articles in various categories, such as how-to articles, where to find things, resources, business, interviews and reviews. Why do religious conflicts tend to generate high levels of symbolic and physical violence? Thus, as you see, the religious crisis is a disagreement between two groups of different religions that struggle against coherent existence without themselves. There was already religious tension between the Christian Igbos and indigenous Moslems in the North. Hence when the wealth and resources of a country is not going round or has not be felt and received by a particular region or state as in the case of Nigeria, they start crying about marginalization, this causes a big conflict in the land. Following Maitatsines death in 1980, tensions between Christianity and Islam increased. by Lindsay Maizland Michelle Gavin, Ebenezer Obadare, and other experts track political and security developments across sub-Saharan Africa. Examples are the Kafanchan-Kaduna crisis of the 1980s and 1990s; the Kaduna Sharia riots of 2000 and the Bauchi riots in 2001, both caused by the introduction of Sharia law in those states; as well as the 2001 riots in Jos, caused by a governmental appointment [2]. [55] One will probably ask the question How to stop religious crisis in Nigeria? Major findings of the study reveal that the causes ofreligious conflicts in Nigeria include failure to move with change, conflicting doctrines, methodsof conversion, utterances of religious leaders, and clothing of political objectives with religion,among others. Conflicts that involve an attempt to change some aspect of the institutional structure of society will meet with greater resistance, because what is at stake involves more vested interests. The new constitution should devolve power over resource development and distribution from the central government, to states and local governments to make sure of economic justice and equity. What factors may cause a crisis in a religious environment? The disagreement between the farmers, struggling to make ends meet through farming, and the Fulani herdsmen whose cows constantly destroy peoples crops while moving from one place to another, has caused a major bloody conflict in the country. Changing institutional configurations requires overcoming the resistance of those who have vested interests in the status quo. For example, the former Governor of Zamfara State Alhaji Sani Ahmad Yerima suggested that Zamfara state should adopt sharia criminal legal code in 1999. Order status changed from Can a fresh secondary school students apply? Anarticle from Fox News recently called attention to the killing of Christians in Nigeria by comparing it to the deadly Easter Sunday suicide bombings of churches and hotels in Sri Lanka. Or, in slightly less unwieldy terms, it is about violence that occurs at the intersection of religion and politics. He is a Writer, Speaker, Life Coach, Tribalism is one of the causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. Religious Wars. the CONFAB to discuss issues that cause ethnic wrangling and disunity, and came out with far-reaching resolutions for restructuring the Federal system of government. In August Abu Musab al-Barnawi, the leading commander of ISWAP, was killed. The introduction of Sharia law is one way politicians use religion to create division and gain cheap votes. Something went wrong. The effects of this conflict are far-reaching and have eroded social and political stability, resulting in a threat to national security. Finally, the use of ethnic and religious sentiments to cause division and conflicts will lose its appeal when you amend the constitution, and government starts fiscal federalism and devolution of power to the states and local government councils. Religious discrimination and religious armed conflict in sub-Saharan There were fears of genocide. In recent times, there has been an increase in such conflicts, particularly in North-Central states like Plateau, Benue, and Kaduna. Amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates made up of many ethnic groups with different languages and cultures, was an error which Nigeria suffers till date. But linking Nigerian tragedies to the tragedy that occurred in Sri Lanka and a global trend of violence against Christians overlooks important nuances in Nigerias multiple ongoing conflicts. We'd also like to set analytics cookies that help us make improvements by measuring how you use the site. 10 solutions to the inter ethnic crises and violence in Nigeria. Boko Haram has been an increasing threat to national security since 2008. 2022 Blackdot Media. The religious crisis is one of the main recurring problems in Nigeria, and it is often followed or preceded by ethnic clashes. Religious motivated conflicts have become widespread in Nigeria, a nation considered by many to be one of the most religious nations of the world. 15 Causes of Conflicts in Nigeria and Solutions Lets find out! What I want to emphasize is that leaders has to be kin to practice adaptive leadership. The majority of the Nigerian population either follows Christianity or Islam. Gofwen, R.I., 2004. Do religious leaders know how to stop the religious crisis in Nigeria? Another religious conflict in Nigeria is that of the farmer-herdsmen conflict. Its failure to ensure good governance, land management or the promotion of economic development has led to massive unemployment [5] which in turn has left young men vulnerable to radicalisation as they take up arms as paid militia [6]. In 1991, popular German evangelist Reinhard Bonnke organised a Christian crusade in Kano. Many Nigerians live under a lot of pressure hence the short fuse that makes little misunderstandings lead to ethnic conflicts, killings and destruction of properties with reckless abandon as if a fellow citizens life is worthless as long as it is the other persons. The catalogue of ethno-religious conflicts has led to an estimated loss of over three million lives and unquantifiable psychological and material damage (Bogoro, 2008; Salawu, 2010) [12, 43]. The ideas expressed on this site are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the opinions of anyone else. 6:00 AM EDT By Moses Ochonu Nigerian Army forces man a checkpoint to protect Sunday Christian prayer services in Sokoto, Nigeria on April 14, 2013, where less than 5 percent of the population is Christian. PDF P-ISSN: Ethno-religious conflict in Nigeria: A case study of Tafawa Please disable Ad-Blocker, 15 Causes of Conflicts in Nigeria and Solutions. The Islamist militant group conducts terrorist attacks on religious and political groups as well as civilians. Hence the struggle and clamour for resource control, i.e. In Zamfara, where the violence is particularly bad, both herders and farmers are mostly Muslim and mostly Fulani. But when Christians or Muslims are killed in the Middle Belt, it is not clear exactly why. For example these leaders use Sirens and drive recklessly on our roads as if to say that might is right. These attacks exasperate existing ethno-religious tensions and threaten national security. The riot lasted two weeks, from September 7 to September 17, and about 1000 people were killed, with at least 50,000 persons displaced. Since independence from the British in 1960, the country has had many religious crises, which have persisted into the 1990s and 2000s. Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Analysis InfoGuide Nigeria is a team of Resource Persons and Consultants led by Ifiokobong Ibanga. The clash between both groups led to the death of 12 people, and several mosques and a church were destroyed. Creed and Grievance: Muslim-Christian Relations and Conflict Resolution in Northern Nigeria. Since the poor are not really exposed, they accept such doctrines hook line and sinker. The fact is that tribalism divides the people and fosters Favoritism. Be it from the unfavourable decisions they make, their constant medical trips abroad that divides opinions, their inability to unite the country etc. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive University of Nigeria Abstract Nigeria has witnessed cases of violent religious conflicts since its independence from Britain in 1960. This article will show that ethnic conflict is bad and discuss factors that we have listed above, and close by giving solutions for stopping ethnic conflict. Causes Of Religious Conflicts In Nigeria And Possible Solutions ALSO READ: What is racism, its history and how does it affect individuals? The Effects Of Religious Crisis To The Devel opment Of Nigeria Religious crisis is a recurrent and incessant problem that is hindering the sustainable development of Nigeria. Others are rooted clearly in socio-economic Causes of Interreligious Conflict - JSTOR When challenges to the status quo are sufficiently threatening, the stakes are raised, as are the levels of mobilization and its consequent expression in resistance and violence. Hate Speech This is usually caused by people of high influence and follower-ship, who use the opportunity they have as a result of their influence to incite violence, causing conflict in the society. Boko Haram conducts terrorist attacks on religious and political groups as well as civilians. HART partner, Canon Hassan John reports that Christians and Muslims are socialising in each others communities more frequently, sharing food and forming football teams made up with both Christians and Muslims, which has brought a sense of unity and friendship. While Muslims can fall victim to radical Fulani attacks, the vast majority of victims are Christians. Global Terror Index 2019, Measuring the Impact of Terrorism by the Institute for Economics and Peace. As a result of this neglect they result to vandalizing oil pipeline, stealing crude oil and engaging in illegal refining, which is called oil bunkering. Much of what is properly termed religious violence is either entirely apolitical, as in the case of animal sacrifice, or, as in the case of human sacrifice, is at least not inherently political. A study by a German academic says religious conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa have been on the rise for decades. Identity, in this case, refers to the sense of belonging to a particular group. (Doc) the Role of Religion in African Conflicts: the Cases of Nigeria
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